Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal …
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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against theories of social Darwinism that emphasize competition and survival of the fittest, and against the romantic depictions by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who thought that cooperation was motivated by universal love. Instead Kropotkin argues that mutual aid has pragmatic advantages for the survival of human and animal communities and, along with the conscience, has been promoted through natural selection. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism. It presents a scientific basis for communism as an alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Kropotkin considers the importance of mutual aid for prosperity and survival in the animal kingdom, in indigenous and early European societies, in the Medieval free cities (especially through the guilds), and in the late 19th century village, labor movement, and poor folk. He criticizes the State for destroying historically important mutual aid institutions, particularly through the imposition of private property. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.
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- LibraryThing key:
- 230318
Editions of Mutual aid
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Gegenseitige Hilfe in der Tier- und Menschenwelt
Paperback, 253 pages
German language
Published Feb. 3, 2011 by Trotzdem Verlag, Alibri Verlag.
- ISBN:
- 978-3-931786-51-9Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 845457343
Interhelpo
Paperback, 280 pages
Esperanto language
Published 1995 by Impeto.
- ISBN:
- 978-5-7161-0011-4Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 1194501600
Mutual Aid
Paperback, 232 pages
English language
Published June 22, 2007 by Dodo Press.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4065-3655-3Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 607194985
Gegenseitige Hilfe
Paperback, 333 pages
German language
Published Oct. 25, 1993 by Trotzdem Verlag.
- ISBN:
- 978-3-922209-32-4Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 75141377
Mutual Aid
Hardcover, 216 pages
English language
Published Aug. 4, 2002 by IndyPublish.com.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4043-1944-8Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 53141448
Mutual Aid
Paperback, 232 pages
English language
Published June 22, 2007 by Dodo Press.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4065-3655-3Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 607194985
Mutual Aid
Paperback, 212 pages
English language
Published June 30, 2004 by Kessinger Publishing.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4191-3592-7Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 62711179
Gegenseitige Hilfe in der Tier- und Menschenwelt.
Paperback, 333 pages
German language
Published Sept. 29, 1999 by Trotzdem Verlag.
- ISBN:
- 978-3-900434-27-4Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 742552459
Mutual Aid (Large Print Edition)
Paperback, 224 pages
English language
Published July 20, 2006 by BiblioBazaar.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4264-1475-6Copied ISBN!
Mutual Aid
Hardcover, 277 pages
English language
Published April 1, 1972 by New York University Press.
- ISBN:
- 978-0-8147-4555-7Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 8993857
Mutual Aid
Paperback, 336 pages
English language
Published April 7, 2006 by Dover Publications.
- ISBN:
- 978-0-486-44913-5Copied ISBN!
- OCLC Number:
- 62282705
Mutual Aid a Factor of Evolution
paperback, 178 pages
Published April 23, 2012 by SMK Books.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-61720-723-5Copied ISBN!
Mutual Aid
Paperback, 230 pages
Published Oct. 15, 2008 by Forgotten Books.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-60680-071-3Copied ISBN!
Mutual Aid
Paperback
English language
Published June 4, 1976 by Porter Sargent Publishers.
- ISBN:
- 978-0-87558-024-1Copied ISBN!
Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
278 pages
English language
Published Oct. 25, 1987 by Freedom Press.
- ISBN:
- 978-0-900384-36-3Copied ISBN!
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