Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal …
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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against theories of social Darwinism that emphasize competition and survival of the fittest, and against the romantic depictions by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who thought that cooperation was motivated by universal love. Instead Kropotkin argues that mutual aid has pragmatic advantages for the survival of human and animal communities and, along with the conscience, has been promoted through natural selection. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism. It presents a scientific basis for communism as an alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Kropotkin considers the importance of mutual aid for prosperity and survival in the animal kingdom, in indigenous and early European societies, in the Medieval free cities (especially through the guilds), and in the late 19th century village, labor movement, and poor folk. He criticizes the State for destroying historically important mutual aid institutions, particularly through the imposition of private property. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.
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- LibraryThing key:
- 230318
Editions of Mutual aid
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Mutual Aid; a factor of evolution
Published Feb. 4, 2010 by HardPress Publishing.
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4076-2530-0Copied ISBN!
L'entraide : un facteur de l'évolution
French language
Published May 18, 2015 by Éditions Aden.
- ISBN:
- 978-2-8059-2074-5Copied ISBN!
Mutual aid, a factor of evolution.
362 pages
English language
Published Feb. 4, 1972 by Garland Pub..
- ISBN:
- 978-0-8240-0267-1Copied ISBN!
Gegenseitige Hilfe in der Tier- und Menschenwelt
294 pages
German language
Published Feb. 4, 1908 by Theod. Thomas.
O Apoio Mútuo: Um Factor da Evolução
373 pages
Portuguese language
Published May 25, 2021 by Antígona.
Gegenzayṭige hilf bay ḥayes un menshen
433 pages
Yiddish language
Published Feb. 4, 1913 by Ḳropoṭḳin liṭeraṭur-gezelshafṭ.
La seleccion natural y el apoyo mutuo
237 pages
Spanish language
Published Dec. 9, 2009 by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
- ISBN:
- 978-84-00-08786-9Copied ISBN!
Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
English language
Published March 8, 2006
- ISBN:
- 978-1-4264-1459-6Copied ISBN!
Mutual aid, a factor of evolution
Microform, 348 pages
English language
Published Feb. 4, 1902 by McClure Phillips.
- OCLC Number:
- 11434382
Gegenzaytige hilf.
433 pages
Yiddish language
Published Feb. 4, 1913
Hu zhu lun
413 pages
Chinese language
Published Feb. 4, 1973 by Pa mi er shu dian.
Vzaimnai͡a︡ pomoshchʹ, kak faktor ėvoli͡u︡t͡s︡īi
214 pages
Russian language
Published Feb. 4, 1918 by Izd. "Nauch.-anarkhistskoĭ biblīoteki".
Vzaimnai︠a︡ pomoshch', kak faktor ėvoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii.
357 pages
Russian language
Published Feb. 4, 1919
ʻEzrah hadadit ba-ʻolam ha-ḥai ṿeha-domeym.
259 pages
Hebrew language
Published Feb. 4, 1923 by Yavneh.
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